Cow’s milk is used to suppress viral and Fungal diseases in cucumber, tomato, pepper and other crops. It does this by increasing the pH of leaf surface (6.2-6.8), thus establishing a protective barrier and the crop develops systemic resistance to diseases. Milk protein (casein) inactivates the virus protein (capsid protein) in plants.
 
This technique is being used by many organic vegetable growers.
 
How to Apply: Mix 1 part cow milk with 8 part water or 15g dry milk per liter water. Spray on your plants at 7 days interval. You may also spray once in 15 days before disease appearance and at 7 days interval for reducing the spread of virus. Spray both sides of the leaves (top and bottom) and spray when the sun is not shining (morning or evening) - NO! A source said it works better in the presence of sunlight! . Note that application at higher concentration MAY not be economical and you should practice this only if cow milk is readily available and cheap. You can also use whey if you have access to it and it is cheaper.
 
This spray has been reported to be effective in controlling powdery mildew - a fungal disease prevalent during dry seasons.
.
Source:
https://www.sciencenews.org/blog/food-thought/dairy-solution-mildew-woes

Quote:Turning now to large scale assembly in quick succession, it has already been mentioned that very few plants are in operation today. This was not the case even two years ago. In the late 1990s medium to large processing facilities were operating, many as starch manufacturers.
 
However, many of these industries closed down because they were working at low and seasonal capacities. Peak Products Nigeria Limited is an example of a company that was able to adjust under adverse circumstances and thus remain in operation. Its story is worth describing here in some detail. 

Peak Products Nigeria Limited began cassava processing in 1998 with the sun drying of cassava flour. The flour was sold to bakeries and confectionaries through Ogun State Agricultural Development Programme (Agro Processing Unit). However, some processors began contaminated fermented cassava flour with unfermented cassava and by 1999-2000 the flour bakeries and confectionaries stopped asking for and using cassava flour. This forced Peak to shift to the production of sun dried cassava starch.  With growing demand for cassava starch, Peak upgraded from sun drying to the use of a mechanical dryer. Using a flash dryer, production capacity achieved 3-5 tonnes per day, 72 000 tonnes per year with a daily input of 25-30 tonnes of wet starch.
 
Flash drying however requires a wet milling component. Faced with environmental problems, the company was forced to stop wet milling and instead obtained wet cake from rural women. At present Peak is currently under utilized in its production of cassava starch because it has diversified production into the fabrication of flash dryers.
 
Existing buyers of Peak’s flash dryers are predominantly chemical companies from the Sango-Lagos Axis and a few beverages and food industries. Prospective buyers include Nigerian Distilleries in Ota who want 150 tonnes of cassava flour per day for ethanol production. DeUnited Nig Ltd., is looking to produce 60 000 tonne of cassava flour per month for noodles (Ndomie Noodles). Oil companies are interested in producing cassava starch for drilling muds11. Textile industries, although not currently using local cassava starch negotiations are currently underway between the Government, cassava processors and the textile industry. Finally, paper mills such as Iwopin Paper Mill in Ogun State and Okui Ibokwe Paper Mill in Akwa Ibom State may also patronize cassava starch in the near future12
 
Although no one can know the likelihood that these prospective buyers will actually purchase, their efforts to search out information on cassava processing fabrication offers hope. Their slowness to invest however may be a symptom of uncertainty regarding future government policy directions, uncertainty in being able to produce competitively and uncertainty in their ability to source cassava roots. As illustrated in the Peak example, cassava processing is vulnerable to many conditions – market vagaries, trade policy, product substitution, and adverse environmental impacts, to name a few.
 
The ability (or inability) to source a reliable stream of good quality cassava roots is also a real concern for cassava processors. Problems relating to sourcing cassava roots are a serious deterrent for industrialists as described in the following example of the Mosaconi Cassava Factory in Kogi. The Mosaconi Cassava factory was a large operation that utilized raw cassava from farmers for the production of packaged gari and laundry starch for local markets. It began operations in 1993 but closed in 1999. Before the establishment of the factory, the community used cheap cassava for the production of local staple foods like lafun and gari. When the company began, it patronized all cassava growers in the state and bought most of the cassava from their farms. This resulted in a scarcity of cassava and a higher selling price for smaller local processors. As local cassava prices rose, public complaint by the local people surfaced that the presence of the factory was increasing the price of lafun. This resulted in host of problems such as pilfering, administration fraud, and use of poor land, lack of adequate accurate information and vandalism of factory equipment. The factory suffered as a result and faced a shortage of cassava for its operation. Since the factory had no farm of its own, it tried to solicit cassava growers to supply cassava into the factory through radio and television jingles. This only encouraged cassava growers to truncate the maturity of planted cassava, selling cassava of less than eight months old. After many unsuccessful attempts at troubleshooting, the owner was forced to close down the company. Clearly if cassava processing is to mature in Nigeria these types of deterrents must be resolved.
 
Source: Cassava Industrial Revolution in Nigeria, IFAD, FAO.

This is my backyard Turkey farming, they are hybrid and i bought them at 8weeks old.    

Good morning house. I am new here.

I am here to exchange views with fellow snail farmers. I won't bore you with lots of write ups. I will give you Just the needful.

Hi guys,

I am new here and I think this forum is fabulous! I would appreciate information on the set up of a small scale abattoir...and beef processing. Any ideas, information or materials? Please help out!!

My strong point is business planning, and I would be glad to share!!

Hello farmers, please were can I get alfalfa and elephant grass in the north for my rabbits and what are their names in Hausa please?

Gud evening all. Pls How long can egg store without refrigeration?

I’m planning to start layers farming. Pls what size is needed for 1000 birds?

Pls like how much will it cost someone to something like 100 layers until they start laying eggs?

How much methane can one get from cow manure? Also, how much is needed to cook food?

To save housing cost.

Hello evryone. Should day old chicks be brooded on newspapers, sawdust or wood shavings? I get conflicting info when I searched google.

Below are some valuable info I got from some guys in nairaland and I wish to share them with you.

1. To succeed target hotels, eateries and cold rooms, or start your own outlet. Selling live birds is only sustainable under small scale and seasonal.

2. Rear 1000-10,000 birds per batch to make reasonable profit. Harvest should be at least weekly.

3. Feed adlibitum so that they grow fast. But introducing few hours of no feed will increase feed efficiency. A well-managed flock will weigh between 1.8-2.4kg in 6-7wks and upon dressing, will weigh between 1.4-1.8kg. this is the standard weight for most eateries.

4. Some companies that buy live birds pay between N410-600/kg live weight. Eateries and some cold rooms pay N600-820/bird dressed weight.

5. Profit Expectation: N150-250/bird.

6. Possible Needs: Cold room, defeathering machine.

Thanks.

Hello all, can bee hives be sited close to other animals like chickens, goats, snails etc?

Hello keepers of Nigerian dwarf goats, from your experience, how much milk does a goat produce per milking cycle? If you can't estimate that, how much do they produce per day on average? It will be nice if you also tell me what and how much you feed them because these can influence milk production. Thanks.

Pls help me with this info. How much honey can you get from a beehive? Is it profitable?

Is it advisable?

Often growers reared on deep litter suffer from roundworm infestation of the intestines and sometimes also from tapeworms, especially if the farm is located around wet fields. As a routine precaution therefore, the birds should be dewormed at 16 weeks of age or in the 18th week, a few days before they are to be transferred to laying cages. Otherwise, the worms eat the feed consumed by the birds and their health may deteriorate, which can hamper the onset of egg-laying. Piperazine, robendol, levamisole, thiobendazole and zodex are the drugs used to remove roundworms, while kalbend, panacur, taenil, helmonil and dicestal are used against tapeworms at the recommended dosage levels. Stop watering for two hours before administering deworming drugs and then allow limited levels of medicated water to ensure that the required dosage of medicine is consumed by the birds without any wastage through left-over water.

Hello all, I live in a country where there is nothing like commercial rabbit feed, so I'm wondering if broiler finisher will be good for rabbits. If it is, what is the feed conversion ratio like? I'll be feeding grass also for fiber.